Based on the writings of Ellen White, the distinction between the "sons of God" and the "sons of men" is a spiritual one, based on their relationship with God through Christ.
### Sons of God
Ellen White uses the term "sons of God" to refer to those who, through faith in Jesus Christ, are adopted into God's family. This is not a status of birth but one of conversion and acceptance of God's grace.
* **A Transformation Through Christ:** She explains the transition from being a "son of Adam" to a "son of God": "Through transgression the sons of men became subjects of Satan. Through the infinite sacrifice of Christ, and faith in His name, the sons of Adam become the sons of God. By assuming human nature, Christ elevates humanity... they may indeed become worthy of the name sons of God” (
4T 563.2).
* **A Title of Love and Honor:** She frequently quotes the apostle John to express the profound love this title represents: “‘Behold, what manner of love the Father hath bestowed upon us, that we should be called the sons of God.’ What a value this places upon man!" (
4T 563.2). This sentiment is repeated in other writings (
MH 425.1;
AA 545.3;
5T 739.3).
* **Heirs with Christ:** Those who become sons of God are considered "joint heirs with Christ; and the kingdom and dominion belong to them" (
1T 286.4).
### Sons of Men
The term "sons of men" or "sons of Adam" is used to describe humanity in its natural, fallen state, separated from God by sin.
* **Subjects of Satan:** Before accepting Christ's sacrifice, humanity is described in this state: "Through transgression the sons of men became subjects of Satan" (
4T 563.2).
* **Humanity in General:** The term also refers to the human family that Christ joined through His incarnation. "That we might become members of the heavenly family, He became a member of the earthly family. He is the Son of man, and thus a brother to every son and daughter of Adam" (
MH 104.3).
In summary, according to Ellen White, the titles "sons of God" and "sons of men" do not refer to different lineages or races, but to two spiritual conditions. All people are born as "sons of men" (or "sons of Adam"), and through faith in Jesus, they are given the power and privilege to become "sons of God."