Ellen White taught that the scapegoat in the ancient sanctuary service typified Satan, the originator of sin, who will ultimately bear the final responsibility and punishment for the sins he caused others to commit (
GC 422.2).
In her analysis of the sanctuary service, Ellen White explained that while the sin offering pointed to Christ as the sacrifice for humanity, "the scapegoat typified Satan, the author of sin, upon whom the sins of the truly penitent will finally be placed" (
GC 422.2). She clarified that this does not mean Satan atones for our sins; rather, because he is the "direct instigator of all the sins that caused the death of the Son of God, justice demands that Satan shall suffer the final punishment" (
PP 358.2).
The process occurs at the conclusion of Christ's work in the heavenly sanctuary. Ellen White noted that "when Christ, by virtue of His own blood, removes the sins of His people from the heavenly sanctuary at the close of His ministration, He will place them upon Satan" (
CIHS 147.3). This act mirrors the high priest in the earthly service who confessed the sins of Israel over the head of the scapegoat before it was sent away.
For the final fulfillment of this type, Ellen White wrote that "Satan, bearing the guilt of all the sins which he has caused God's people to commit, will be for a thousand years confined to the earth, which will then be desolate" (
GC88 485.3). Just as the scapegoat was sent into a "land not inhabited," Satan will be banished to a dreary wilderness until he eventually suffers the "full penalty of sin, in the fires that shall destroy all the wicked" (
GC88 485.3).
This teaching provides a practical understanding of God's justice. It shows that while Christ is our "Sin-bearer" and "Substitute" who takes away the sins of the repentant (
17MR 242.2), the ultimate accountability for the existence and instigation of evil rests upon Satan. The final eradication of sin is only complete when the "originator of sin" is blotted from existence (
HF 260.4).
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